Source: GOV.UK
The UK's immigration system uses a points-based approach to determine eligibility for work visas. This system was fully implemented after Brexit, replacing free movement for EU citizens with a unified approach for all nationalities.
Under this system, the UK government aims to attract the "brightest and best" talent from around the world while maintaining control over immigration numbers. The points-based system applies to both EU and non-EU citizens equally, creating a level playing field for international talent.
The Skilled Worker visa is the UK's main work visa category, replacing the former Tier 2 (General) visa. It allows qualified workers to come to the UK for a specific job with an approved employer.
The Skilled Worker visa requires a minimum of 70 points to qualify. You automatically receive 50 points for having a job offer at the appropriate skill level from a licensed sponsor. The remaining 20 points can be earned through a combination of salary, job in shortage occupation, and relevant PhD qualification.
| Requirement | Points | Tradeable? |
|---|---|---|
| Job offer from approved sponsor | 20 | No |
| Job at appropriate skill level | 20 | No |
| English language at B1 level | 10 | No |
| Salary of £26,200 or above | 20 | Yes |
| Job in shortage occupation | 20 | Yes |
| PhD in relevant field | 10 | Yes |
The Skilled Worker visa can lead to settlement (Indefinite Leave to Remain) after 5 years of continuous residence in the UK, provided you maintain your sponsored status and meet other requirements.
The Global Business Mobility (GBM) route is designed for overseas businesses seeking to establish a presence in, or transfer staff to, the UK. This route has five subcategories catering to different business needs.
For senior managers or specialist employees being transferred to a UK branch of their organization.
For employees on a graduate training program being transferred to a UK branch for training purposes.
For senior managers or specialists establishing a new branch or subsidiary in the UK.
For contractual service suppliers and self-employed independent professionals providing services under international trade agreements.
For employees being seconded to the UK as part of a high-value contract between their employer and a UK business.
Unlike the Skilled Worker visa, GBM routes are temporary and do not lead to settlement in the UK. They are designed for specific business scenarios and international assignments rather than permanent relocation.
The Scale-up visa was introduced in 2022 as a fast-track route for talented individuals to work in the UK's fastest-growing businesses. It offers more flexibility than the Skilled Worker route after the initial sponsored period.
The Scale-up visa offers a unique hybrid approach: the security of employer sponsorship initially, followed by the flexibility to change jobs or work as a freelancer without needing a new sponsor. This balance makes it attractive for highly skilled workers who value career flexibility.
To qualify as a Scale-up sponsor, a company must:
While the Scale-up visa provides exceptional flexibility, the higher qualifying criteria for both employers and workers means it's targeted at a specific segment of the market. Many workers may still find the Skilled Worker route more accessible.
Beyond the main work visa categories, the UK offers several specialized routes for particular professions, skills, or circumstances. These alternative pathways may be more suitable depending on your specific situation.
A dedicated route for qualified doctors, nurses, health professionals, and adult social care workers. It offers a 50% reduction on visa fees and exemption from the Immigration Health Surcharge, making it a cost-effective option for healthcare professionals.
For leaders or potential leaders in academia, research, arts and culture, or digital technology. This route doesn't require a job offer but does need endorsement from a relevant UK body. It offers significant flexibility and can lead to settlement after 3 or 5 years.
For recent graduates from top global universities. This 2-year visa (3 years for PhD graduates) allows individuals to work, look for work, or be self-employed in the UK without sponsorship. It doesn't directly lead to settlement but can provide a pathway to other routes.
For those coming to the UK to work within a faith community. The Minister of Religion route is for those in leadership positions, while the Religious Worker route is for non-pastoral roles. Both require sponsorship from a licensed religious institution.
For elite sportspeople and qualified coaches recognized by their sport's governing body as internationally established at the highest level. Requires endorsement from the relevant sporting body and a job offer from a UK sponsor.
For young people (18-30) from specific countries to experience life in the UK for up to 2 years. No sponsorship is required, and participants can work or study throughout their stay. Currently available to nationals of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, and several other countries.
Each of these specialized routes has unique eligibility criteria, application processes, and conditions. Consider your personal circumstances, career goals, and long-term plans when determining which visa route is most appropriate for you.
Now that you understand the different UK visa options, your next steps will depend on your personal circumstances and the visa route most suitable for you.
Learn how to identify and approach licensed UK companies that can sponsor your visa.
Understand the detailed requirements for your chosen visa route and assess your likelihood of approval.